School of Business

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A Neutrosophic Approach to Evaluate the Factors Affecting Performance and Theory of Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Application to Textile Industry
(Emerald Publishing, 2022-06-27) Basil Oluoch Okoth; Ahmet Aytekin; Selçuk Korucuk; Caglar Karamasa; Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee
Purpose Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices and policies are necessary for businesses that seek to take part in international markets and ensure any form of competitiveness. Over time, and especially in the recent past, researchers, governments, and other policymakers have made use of broad and systematic approaches and come to appreciate the value-enhancing activities of sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Businesses have embraced the integration of sustainable policies and practices within the supply chain as a critical step in ensuring the efficiency of their operations. It is clear in previous studies and operational programs of enterprises that SSCM practices accord businesses certain benefits including improving their environmental, social, and economic performance, and increasing their ecological awareness by way of influencing performance elements within supply networks in enterprises. The study examines the factors influencing performance and theories of SSCM using a neutrosophic method in the textile industry. Findings SSCM performance is thus of great importance in ensuring business success and competitiveness, realizing customer satisfaction, and leaving the environment in a desirable state for future generations. Performance management, by assisting in the decision-making by managers and ensuring an adequate level of internal interaction, is an integral part of assimilating sustainability management into businesses. SSCM theories also have a strong impact on the determination of the sources of competitive advantage through effective utilization of business capabilities to solve environmental and social challenges that may affect business performance. Originality/value In line with the benefits highlighted, this study seeks to evaluate and select the factors affecting SSCM performance and theory in textile enterprises with corporate identity in Ordu and Giresun provinces following a neutrosophic approach. To this end, the elements obtained from the literature review are evaluated using the MULTIMOORA-mGqNN method.
An Assessment of the Impact of Financial Literacy on the Profitability of SMEs in Kiambu County, Kenya
(International Journal of Social and Development Concerns, 2025-10-08) Dr. Job Omagwa; Fathi Asad Abd; Edward Wasike
Kenya's economy depends heavily on small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), but many of them still have low profitability and high failure rates because of poor financial management. This study evaluated how financial literacy affected SMEs' profitability in Kenya's Kiambu County. The study was guided by the Profit Maximization Theory, which emphasizes that firms make rational decisions to maximize net profits. An explanatory research design and a mixed methodology were employed to examine how financial literacy influences the profitability of SMEs in Kiambu County, Kenya. Data were gathered from a sample of 73 SMEs chosen by stratified random sampling using an explanatory research design. The results showed that SMEs' budgeting, saving, investing, and diversification practices are greatly improved by financial literacy, which raises profitability. Regression analysis revealed that 65.9% (R² = 0.659) of the variation in profitability can be explained by financial literacy, while the correlation results demonstrated a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between financial literacy and profitability (r = 0.812, p < 0.01). These findings support the idea that financially literate business owners are better at-risk mitigation, resource management, and financial decision-making that enhances company performance. The study came to the conclusion that one of the main factors influencing SME profitability and long-term viability is financial literacy. The study recommends digital platforms and mentorship programs to promote good financial management practices that support profitability and growth, as well as improving financial literacy training and incorporating financial education into SME development programs.
Analysing Mobile Banking Quality Factors from Neutrosophic Set Perspective: A Case of Study of Turkey
(Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting, 2017) Basil Oluoch Okoth; Serpil Altinirmak; Mustafa Ergun; Caglar Karamasa
Purpose - Mobile banking, also known as m-banking, provides low cost, innovative and easily accessible services to customers with technological developments as compared to retail banking. In this context, m-banking quality factors of the banks are considered to be important issues for customers. The aim of this study is to analyze the m-banking quality factors and to rank banks offering this service in Turkey under incomplete, inconsistent and indeterminate information. Methodology - First linguistic expressions of experts are converted to crisp values via approximation approach proposed by Chen and Hwang. Then, the Single Valued Neutrosophic Set (SVNS) based entropy, which deals with incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent environment better than fuzzy set, is used to rank the banks providing m-banking services in Turkey. Findings- Findings - show that the Denizbank has the best performance in m-banking applications followed by TEB and ING. Additionally, in terms of entropy weights, response time was found to be the most important criterion followed by accessibility, accuracy and trust. Conclusion- Banks could consider the criteria of response time, accessibility, accuracy and trust for improving the performance in mbanking services implementation.
Analyzing the Effect of Liquidity on Financial Stability: Evidence from Kenyan Deposit-Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies
(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing, 2024-05) Dr. Job Omagwa; Hesborn Birisi Birisi; Salome Musau
Non-performing loans have been on the rise among DT SACCOs in Kenya over the past five years as evidenced by the increase in percentage of NPLs to gross loans in SACCO regulatory authority report of 2020. Consequently, if this trend is allowed to continue then this sector’s contribution to financial intermediation through provision of financial services will be negatively affected. In view of the above this study sought to investigate the effect of firm characteristics and financial stability of deposit taking savings and credit cooperative societies in Kenya. In view of the above this study sought to assess the effect of liquidity on financial stability of deposit taking savings and credit and cooperative societies in Kenya. The study was anchored on agency theory. Positivist research philosophy was adopted in this study. The study adopted explanatory research design. The target population for the study comprised 160 DT SACCOs which were fully operational in the period. A census approach was used for the study. This study utilized quantitative secondary data which was obtained from the society’s financial statements and supervision reports from the savings and credit cooperatives regulatory authority. The study utilized annual panel data for the period of 2017 to 2021. Multicollinearity test, normality tests, autocorrelation test, homoscedasticity, stationarity test and model specification test were carried out prior to panel data analysis. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis and panel regression analysis. STATA software was used for the analysis. The findings showed that liquidity had a strong, positive effect on NPLs ratio (β = 0.410056, p=0.003<0.05). In view of the findings, the study recommends that DT SACCOs with high liquidity levels should consider implementing rigorous lending practices to ensure that loans are extended to creditworthy borrowers. Additionally, effective credit risk assessment and continuous monitoring of borrower repayment behavior are essential to minimize NPLs. DT SACCOs should focus on improving management efficiency by implementing cost-effective operational processes.
Anti-Money Laundering Training and Profitability of Commercial Banks in Kenya
(EdinBurg Peer Reviewed Journals and Books Publishers, 2025-06-11) Dr. Job Omagwa; Obed Kipkirui Terer; Dr. Lucy Wamugo Mwangi
The commercial banks' profitability has experienced fluctuations over the past decade. The study sought to determine the effect of anti-money laundering training on the profitability of commercial banks in Kenya. The research employed an explanatory research design. The targeted population comprised 35 regulated commercial banks as at December 31, 2021. The study period was eight (8) years (2014 to 2021). Respondents were chosen through purposive sampling. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaires, while secondary data was derived from the annual banking supervision report from the Central Bank of Kenya. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The findings revealed that anti-money laundering (AML) training had a positive and significant effect on the profitability of commercial banks (β = 0.222, p-value = 0.005 < 0.05). The study concludes that employing and retaining employees with adequate anti-money laundering skills improves the proactiveness of banks in identifying and preventing potential money laundering activities. Commercial banks should institutionalize structured AML training programs by implementing both on-the-job and off-the-job together with assessments to validate employee understanding and competency.
Bank-Specific Characteristics, Bank Concentration and Financial Distress of Commercial Banks in Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance (IAJEF), 2024-11-02) Dr. Job Omagwa; Mary Wangechi Githinji; Dr. Eddie Simiyu
Empirical evidence on the banking industry in Kenya indicates that local banks have been prone to financial distress. Commercial banks in Kenya have been experiencing cycles in Financial Distress and though such cycles have been precipitated by Bank-Specific Characteristics in other countries. It is still a challenge for empirical investigation as to know whether Bank-Specific Characteristics significantly affect Financial Distress in Kenya’s banking industry. Subsequently, the basis of this research was to evaluate the connection between Bank-Specific Characteristics and Financial Distress of commercial banks in Kenya. Explicitly, the research was informed by determining the moderating effect of bank concentration on the connection between bank-specific characteristics and financial distress of commercial banks in Kenya. The Gambler’s ruin theory, Wrecker’s theory, Agency theory and Institutional theory provided theoretical anchorage to the research. Positivism research philosophy and causal research design were adopted for the study. The research was a census of all the 36 fully operational commercial banks in Kenya for the period 2011 through 2019. Secondary data was utilized in this study. Data sources included: websites of the CBK and individual Commercial Banks, audited financial statements and Annual supervision reports. Data analysis entailed use of descriptive and inferential statistics where the latter involved dynamic panel logistic regression analysis. Diagnostic tests undertaken in the study included: model specification, stationarity, autocorrelation, and multicollinearity tests. Hypotheses were tested at a significance level of 0.05. Data was displayed through frequency tables and graphs. Based on the dynamic panel Logistic regression analysis, the research revealed that Bank Concentration had a significant moderating effect on the connection between Bank Characteristics and Zmijewski Score (p=0.0003). The study recommended that CBK should take into account bank concentration when designing policies and strategies for commercial banks. Specifically, regulators of commercial banks should consider the level of bank concentration in a particular market and how it can affect the relationship between different bank-specific characteristics and financial distress. This could involve measures such as encouraging competition among banks, regulating mergers and acquisitions, and promoting diversity in the banking sector to mitigate the negative impact of bank concentration on financial stability.
Consumer Culture Moderating Effect on Customer Dispositions, Enablers on Toothpaste Brand Loyalty Among Millennials in Kenyan Private Universities.
(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2023-10-15) Thaisaiyi, Zephania Opati; Gesimba, Paul; Njanja, Lily
Millennials are avid users of technology giving them a platform to transition from local to global buyers via social media use therefore blurring boundary between consumer private life and marketing. While dispositions and consumers capabilities have an influence on brand loyalty few studies have positioned culture as moderator among the millennials. This study examined the moderation effect on the relationship between customer dispositions and enablers influencing brand loyalty among the millennials in the Kenyan private universities. Studies indicate that culture influences brand loyalty but its moderating effect is not known among millennials given their attitudes and capabilities. A descriptive research design using Hofstede Cultural Dimension was adopted to anchor the study. 399 millennials aged 23 to 43 studying at 19 chartered private universities students were targeted using a multi-stage sampling method via a self-administered Likert scale questionnaire. Additionally, Hierarchal Structural Equation Modeling Regression Analysis and Hayes PROCESS used to analyze the data. Results showed that consumer culture does not moderate the relationship between customer dispositions, enablers and toothpaste brand loyalty among millennials. They have a youth culture, avoid have perceived high-quality brands and opt for relevant cheaper one. They revere emotional connected brands which have built high switching costs. Managers should understand youth culture to formulate effective strategies for optimizing the millennials brand loyalty. Future research should explore the influence of culture and social media impact on shaping loyalty tendencies not only among millennials.
Corporate Governance and Triple Bottom Line Performance of Microfinance Institutions In Kenya
(African Journal of Emerging Issues (AJOEI), 2025-10-15) Phanice Bushuru Ambutsi; Prof. Muturi Wachira; Prof. Laban Peter Ayiro
Statement of the Problem:Corporate governance plays a critical role in the sustainability of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), which contribute to poverty reduction and financial inclusion. However, recent failures and declining performance of MFIs in Kenya have raised concerns about their governance structures. Between 2022 and 2024, only four of fourteen licensed MFIs reported profits, with the sector recording a combined loss of Ksh. 3.5 billion in 2024. Purpose of the Study:This study examined the effect of board diversity and board committees on the financial, social, and environmental performance of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya.Methodology:The study adopted an explanatory research design with a pragmatist philosophical approach. The target population comprised all 14 licensed deposit-taking MFIs registered with the Central Bank of Kenya. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to senior management, while secondary data were obtained from audited financial reports and regulatory documents. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression.Results:The findings revealed that both board diversity and board committees have moderate,positive, and statistically significant effects on TBL performance. Board committees showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.612 (p < 0.05), while board diversity showed r = 0.493 (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that a unit increase in board diversity leads to 0.298 increase in TBL performance, explaining 58.8% of variance, while board committees contribute 0.338 increase, accounting for 60.4% of variance.Conclusion:Corporate governance mechanisms, particularly board diversity and committee structures, significantly enhance MFIs' capacity to achieve integrated financial sustainability, social outreach, and environmental responsibility, thereby reducing agency costs and aligning institutional actions with stakeholder interests.Recommendations:MFI boards should strengthen diversity and establish specialized committees. Policymakers should develop Kenya-specific governance frameworks for MFIs and integrate TBL performance indicators into regulatory supervision to promote sustainable performance across financial, social, and environmental dimensions.
Credit Administration and Financial Stability of Non-Withdrawable Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations in Kiambu County, Kenya
(International Journal of Social and Development Concerns, 2025-10-07) Dr. Job Omagwa; Charity Minoo Mbithi; Salome Musau
Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations (SACCOs), member-owned financial institutions, have faced financial instability due to ineffective credit management. The study investigated the financial instability of Non-Withdrawable Deposit Taking SACCOs in Kiambu County, Kenya, focusing on the impact of credit administration practices. The research aimed to assess how credit risk management, credit worthiness, credit policy, and credit information sharing affect financial stability. Anchored on loanable funds, agency, liquidity preference, and profit maximization theories, the study used a cross-sectional design targeting all 17 SACCOs in the county. Stratified sampling selected respondents, and data spanning 2020–2024 was collected via structured questionnaires, pretested in two SACCOs. Descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analysis were employed as the data analysis techniques, with diagnostic tests for normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity conducted beforehand. Credit risk management practices, including thorough risk identification (M=4.241), efficient mitigation (M=3.177), and strict adherence to credit approval processes (M=4.190), these shows efficient credit risk management boosts financial stability. The study recommends legislative reinforcement of SACCO regulations through mandatory information sharing, robust risk management, and structured credit scoring. SACCOs should adopt transparent lending practices, proactive risk strategies, strong internal systems, and clear credit policies. The results support financial intermediation and credit risk theories, highlighting the integration of policy, credit worthiness, and information sharing for sustainability. Future research should explore regulation, Fintech innovations, rural-urban disparities, cultural factors, and long-term impacts on SACCO stability.
Critical Success Factors of Lean Six Sigma to select the Most Ideal Critical Business Process Using q-ROF CRITIC-ARAS Technique: Case Study of Food Business
(Science Direct, 2023-08-15) Basil Oluoch Okoth; Ahmet Aytekin; Selçuk Korucuk; Arunodaya Raj Mishra; Salih Memiş; Caglar Karamasa; Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee
The current market conditions have forced Lean Six Sigma (LSS) upon businesses as one of the must-have practices. The practices have been credited with enhancing the efficiency of the operational and functional processes of enterprises from production to marketing, from personnel management to finance, all the while helping them augment their growth and profitability. LSS has the customer as its main focus and works to create added value for businesses through cost reduction and waste prevention hence can be considered as a process improvement practice. One priority area of improvement in most organizations is the assessment of Critical Business Processes (CBPs) as key processes in the success of businesses that must be tackled in line with the objectives of the businesses due to their extensive impact on customer satisfaction. For this purpose, this study evaluates and ranks the CBPs, and then select the most ideal CBP in food companies with corporate identity in Istanbul following the LSS success factors. Hence, the components attained from the literature are assessed using the suggested “q-ROF CRITIC-ARAS” method which is based on CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC), Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) techniques and q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets (q-ROFSs). The findings demonstrate that the most important criterion for LSS success in food businesses is “Top Management and Support”, while “Education and Culture” is the least important. Furthermore, “Enlightenment Approach” is found to be the most ideal CBP based on LSS success factors.
Customer Enablers Influencing Toothpaste Brand Loyalty Among Millennials In Kenyan Private Universities
(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2023) Thaisaiyi, Zephania Opati; Gesimba, Paul; Njanja, Lily
Consumer behavior is undergoing a gradual shift, moving away from frequent brand switching towards a loyalty-centered approach. While past research has individually investigated customer-enabling factors (customer switching costs, customer involvement, customer commitment, and customer relationship proneness) and their impact on brand loyalty, there exists a research gap on how these factors collectively influence brand loyalty among millennials. There is also scarce studies of African origin exploring CRP influence on loyalty. This study's primary objective was to explore customer enabling factors customers to influence brand loyalty concerning toothpaste among millennials attending private universities in Kenya. Previous research suggests that customer commitment, involvement, switching costs, and CRP influence brand loyalty to varying extents, sometimes displaying negative correlations. Through a descriptive research design, Social Exchange Theory was used to ground the study targeting a sample of 399 millennials enrolled at 19 chartered private universities in Kenya. A self-administered Likert scale questionnaire was distributed through a multi-stage sampling technique and data analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis via Maximum Likelihood method. Results revealed that customer commitment and switching costs influence is statistically significant on brand loyalty. Millennials are more likely to engage with a brand when the consumer-vendor-brand relationship is robust. Brand managers need to boost CRP and use relevant communication to boost commitment and involvement of millennials. They need to leverage switching costs by capitalizing on associated benefits these costs bring to customer to nurturing mutually beneficial long-term relationships. For future research, it was recommended to focus on the Generation Z cohort to investigate the impact of brand loyalty on non-convenience products.
Customer Service Responsiveness and Customer Satisfaction Among SMES in Nairobi Kenya
(The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2025) Rehema Mugendi-Kiarie
This study examined the influence of customer service responsiveness on customer satisfaction among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nairobi, Kenya. The research was anchored in theoretical frameworks including the Expectancy-Disconfirmation Theory, Social Exchange Theory, SERVQUAL Model, Customer Experience Management (CEM) Framework, and Attribution Theory. A quantitative design was employed, using structured questionnaires to collect data from customers who had recently interacted with SMEs in sectors such as retail, hospitality, and professional services. The analysis included descriptive statistics to summarize sample characteristics and regression analysis to determine the predictive power of service responsiveness dimensions on customer satisfaction. The findings revealed that responsiveness significantly influenced customer satisfaction across all measured indicators. Timely responses, courteous employee behavior, and effective problem resolution emerged as strong predictors of satisfaction. Customers who experienced swift and attentive service consistently reported higher levels of satisfaction and loyalty. Conversely, delays or inadequate responses negatively affected perceptions of reliability and overall service quality. The study confirmed that responsiveness should not be treated as a subsidiary aspect of service quality but as a central driver of customer satisfaction in competitive SME environments. Based on these results, the study recommended that SMEs in Nairobi prioritize investments in customer service training, real-time communication channels, and customer relationship management systems to enhance responsiveness. Managers were advised to develop clear service protocols that emphasize promptness, empathy, and proactive engagement with customers. Additionally, the study highlighted the need for SMEs to adopt technology-driven solutions, such as automated feedback systems and digital customer service platforms, to balance efficiency with personalization. In conclusion, the study established that customer service responsiveness is a critical determinant of customer satisfaction and long-term competitiveness among SMEs in Nairobi. By embedding responsiveness within organizational culture and service delivery frameworks, SMEs can strengthen customer loyalty and achieve sustainable growth. Future research was suggested to focus on longitudinal analyses and the role of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, in enhancing responsiveness without compromising customer experience.
Customer Service Responsiveness and Customer Satisfaction: A Critique of Literature
(The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2025) Rehema Mugendi-Kiarie
This paper provides detailed analysis of customer service responsiveness and how it influences customers satisfaction in organizations based on conceptual and empirical literature review. The analysis is grounded in key theoretical frameworks, including the Expectancy-Disconfirmation Theory, which posits that customer satisfaction arises when perceived service performance meets or exceeds expectations. The Social Exchange Theory further informs the study by emphasizing the reciprocal nature of interactions between customers and organizations, suggesting that timely and effective responsiveness fosters trust and loyalty. Additionally, the study integrates the SERVQUAL Model, which assesses service quality through five dimensions— tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy—highlighting responsiveness as a critical determinant of customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the Customer Experience Management (CEM) Framework is explored to illustrate how organizations can strategically design and manage service interactions to enhance customer perceptions and overall satisfaction. Findings from the literature indicate that prompt and effective customer service responsiveness significantly enhances customer satisfaction, leading to increased loyalty and positive word-of-mouth. However, gaps remain in understanding the nuanced impacts of cultural and industry-specific factors on responsiveness and this leaves contextual gaps. While many studies highlight the importance of responsiveness in shaping satisfaction, limited empirical research explores the role of digital transformation, automation, and artificial intelligence in optimizing responsiveness without compromising personalization leaving conceptual and empirical gaps. Additionally, inconsistencies in measuring customer service responsiveness across different service contexts present challenges in establishing universally applicable best practices. The paper noted the critical role of responsiveness in fostering customer satisfaction and loyalty. It highlights the need for further research into emerging technologies and their implications for service responsiveness. Organizations must continuously refine their customer service strategies, leveraging insights from established theoretical models while adapting to evolving consumer expectations. Addressing existing gaps will enhance the effectiveness of customer service responsiveness, ultimately strengthening customer relationships and competitive advantage.
Digital Payment Convenience and Student Personal Financial Management: The Tap- To- Pay Trap
(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS):, 2025-06) Humphrey Muteru; Francis Hasborn Gatobu; Halldess Nguta Munene
This book chapter was driven by the need to undertake an extensive study on digital payment convenience and student personal financial management, with special focus on the Tap- o- Pay Trap. The contention of this study is that the shift towards a cashless economy has transformed financial transactions globally, influencing spending habits among university students. This study explores the impact of digital payments on the economic behavior of students at Meru University of Science and Technology. The research examines how the ease of cashless transactions affects budgeting, impulse spending, peer-influenced expenditures, and subscription-based spending. Additionally, it assesses the advantages and disadvantages of a cashless campus and suggests financial management strategies. The findings indicate that while digital payments offer convenience, they also pose challenges in financial discipline, necessitating awareness and budgeting measures for responsible spending.
Enterprise Risk Management and the Quality Of Financial Reporting For Commercial Banks Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
(International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2025-10) Dr. Job Omagwa; Moses Aluoch; Mary Wanjiru Karanja
Quality financial reports are very important in sound investment decisions making and thus the reports need to be transparent, reliable and verifiable. However, regulators, investors, market participants and scholars have voiced concerns about the accuracy of financial reporting globally and even specifically in Kenya. Corporate governance systems like enterprise risk management are essential in making sure that organizations remain open and highly accountable. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of enterprise risk management on quality of financial reporting in commercial banks listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study was anchored on Enterprise Risk Management Theory. The study used descriptive survey design. The target population was 11 commercial banks listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study adopted census method. Respondents consisted of 11 finance managers, internal auditors, company secretaries and risk and compliance officers of the 11 listed commercial banks totaling to 44 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain main data and a collection sheet to obtain the secondary data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis through SPSS 30. The study found out that the independent variable negatively correlated with the dependent variable. Enterprise risk management (r=-0.635) with p value of 0.000. The study recommends that regulatory bodies should encourage periodical risk management audits to evaluate the maturity and effectiveness of risk management systems within financial institutions. Central bank of Kenya and capital market authorities should periodically review and update governance and reporting regulations to reflect emerging risks and global best practices.
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises
(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing, 2025-10) Dr. Job Omagwa; Francis Mutinda; Dr. Joanes Kyongo
The role of small and medium enterprises(SMEs)in the economy cannot be understated. This sector contributes to the majority of employment, both in the informal and formal sectors. However, these enterprises face several challenges, ranging from inadequate skills to run their operations, inaccessible credit finance, limited credit terms and conditions, and external environmental factors such as pandemics and global economic recessions, which often hinder their growth. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the growth of SMEs. A corresponding hypothesis was formulated and tested. Data was collected from a sample of 384 SMEs spread across eight sub-economic sectors using a 5-point Likert scale structured questionnaire. Analysis was conducted using multiple regression after testing for diagnostic assumptions. The findings of the study showed that entrepreneurial orientation statistically and significantly affected growth of SMEs with a p=0.0001. Coefficient statistics showed a beta value of 0.492, which meant that entrepreneurial orientation increased the growth of SMEs by up to 49% of the realized changes. The study concluded that SMEs should pursue skills and knowledge, which are requirements for effective and better running of business operations, including accounting, marketing, and financial management for growth.
Examining the Critical Success Factors Related to Enterprise Resource Planning: A Case Study in Ordu Province
(2023-06-29) Basil Oluoch Okoth; Selcuk Korucuk; Ezgi Demir; Sule Bayazit Bedirhanoglu; Caglar Karamasa
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and success factors are systems that enable effective and efficient management of businesses by facilitating coordination and interaction among different units. Therefore, the decision to select the right and applicable ERP implementation and success factors for businesses is a crucial matter. However, due to the cost of ERP implementations and the lengthy adaptation periods for businesses, selecting the relevant systems and success factors requires careful consideration. Identifying ERP implementations and success factors that are suitable for the business processes and structure of the company is a significant decision-making problem, which can be considered as a gap in the literature. In this regard, this study used the Neutrosophic Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to analyze the critical success factors for ERP in production companies that had more than 10 employees. The results show that project management and top management support were the most important factors. The results have significant implications for business managers and stakeholders involved in the subject matter in terms of cost and resource efficiency as well as gaining competitive advantage
Influence of Mobile Banking on The Profitability of Deposit-Taking Saccos in Kenya
(International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 2025-03) Dr. Job Omagwa; Otieno Lilian Atieno
The Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in the Country are gradually adapting to rapid changes by embracing new ways such as establishing loan products, enhanced communication, knowledge and technology. Savings and credit deposits Cooperative societies have adopted transactional self-service via mobile and telephone banking. Through the introduction of Front Office Services, Savings and credit deposits Cooperative societies also use of computerized technology, like the networks of Automated Teller Machines, to serve its customers this has led to increased customer satisfaction, transaction costs have decreased, and the efficiency and profitability of banks have both improved from the widespread embracing of electronic banking. Therefore, this study sought to assess the influence of mobile banking on the profitability of deposit-taking SACCOs in Kenya. The study used a descriptive survey research design. With a focus on forty companies that are licensed by the Savings and Credit Co-Operative Societies Regulatory Authority and function in Kenya. A census took place on all forty teacher-based companies with a scope of five years from 2018 to 2022. Secondary data was used that was obtained through a specialized data gathering instrument. In addition, the study relied on publicly available information sources, such as published financial statements and annual reports for the enumerated Savings and credit deposits Cooperative societies. To evaluate data, descriptive statistics (percentages, measures of central tendency and frequencies) as well as multiple regression analysis was used. The research revealed a significant positive impact of mobile banking on the profitability of deposit-taking Savings and Credit Co-Operative Societies in Kenya. The research finds that the companies analyzed which implement mobile banking access a wider customer segment, enabling them to draw in additional deposits and enhance their ability to lend. The research suggests that companies should create a mobile banking app that is user-friendly and straightforward to navigate, allowing individuals of all ages to utilize it efficiently.
Influence of Procurement Process on the Performance of Public Entities (A Case Study of Nairobi County Government)
(Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com), 2020-04-10) Francis Hasborn Gatobu
Globally public procurement plays a pivotal role in the provision of goods, works and services in every economy. Enhancement in the performance of the public procurement system is key ingredient for ensuring value for money is achieved in order to safeguard public funds particularly in the implementation of economic pillars such as the “Big Four Agenda” and Vision 2030. This is the case because 60% of Kenyan budget is spent through procurement contracts. This study sought to investigate the influence of user departments on the performance of procurement process in Kenya. Specific objectives of the study included: To examine the role of specification writing on the performance of public entities in Kenya, To investigate the influence of procurement plan on the performance of public entities in Kenya, To assess the effect of tender evaluation on the performance of public entities in Kenya and To determine the influence of receiving procedure on the performance the public entities in Kenya. The study will be guided by the following theories: resource based theory, systems theory, Expectancy theory and institutional Theory. Descriptive research design as well as quantitative research design were adopted using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population was 1000 employees of Nairobi County government. The study adopted stratified random sampling to select the sample size of 100 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and oral interview. Descriptive statistics was employed aided by statistical package for social sciences version 21 to compute the percentages. Inferential statistics using regression and correlation analysis was applied to assist in examining the relationship between variables.
Investment Governance: Delegation Decision Antecedents by Insurance Companies in Kenya
(European Scientific Journal, 2020-05-31) Rogers Kinoti M’Ariba; Oluoch Oluoch
Delegation decisions comprise a key component of investment governance structures of firms. Based on agency theory, this paper explores corporate governance and market dynamics as antecedents of investment management delegation by insurance firms in Kenya. Investment governance structures employed by firms are shaped by their unique circumstances and diverse considerations. The objectives of this research were to establish the influence of corporate governance and market dynamics on the investment governance structures of insurance firms in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive approach with a target population of forty six firms in insurance and reinsurance business in Kenya. Both primary data and secondary data were collected. Data analysis was conducted using STATA relying on a binary logistic regression model. The study found that shareholder control, board diversity and avoidance of agency problems leads firms towards delegating their investment management activities. Desire to access alternative assets, peer influences and asset allocation considerations had a lesser extent of influence on firms towards delegation. The study concludes that large shareholder dictations and lack of investment management expertise in boards causes firms to adopt delegation models in their investment management. On the other hand, easy access to investment markets and constant supply of high yielding government bonds pulls firms towards internal investment management. It is recommended that firms make appropriate choices on extent of delegation by carefully evaluating their needs and developing structures that deliver best outcomes.

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