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Item Analysing Mobile Banking Quality Factors from Neutrosophic Set Perspective: A Case of Study of Turkey(Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting, 2017) Basil Oluoch Okoth; Serpil Altinirmak; Mustafa Ergun; Caglar KaramasaPurpose - Mobile banking, also known as m-banking, provides low cost, innovative and easily accessible services to customers with technological developments as compared to retail banking. In this context, m-banking quality factors of the banks are considered to be important issues for customers. The aim of this study is to analyze the m-banking quality factors and to rank banks offering this service in Turkey under incomplete, inconsistent and indeterminate information. Methodology - First linguistic expressions of experts are converted to crisp values via approximation approach proposed by Chen and Hwang. Then, the Single Valued Neutrosophic Set (SVNS) based entropy, which deals with incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent environment better than fuzzy set, is used to rank the banks providing m-banking services in Turkey. Findings- Findings - show that the Denizbank has the best performance in m-banking applications followed by TEB and ING. Additionally, in terms of entropy weights, response time was found to be the most important criterion followed by accessibility, accuracy and trust. Conclusion- Banks could consider the criteria of response time, accessibility, accuracy and trust for improving the performance in mbanking services implementation.Item Investment Management Structures: An Exploratory Review of Institutional Investors in Kenya.(International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 2018) M’ariba, Rogers KinotiThis paper explores the investment management structures of institutional investors in Kenya. The investment management approach of three main categories of institutional investors with significant activity in the market, namely, unit trusts, retirement benefits funds and insurance companies is investigated. The choice of the investment management structure is a critical first step in the investment decision making process of an investor. Using desk top analysis of various reports and key informant telephone interviews, the research identifies two main investment management structures being used by these institutional investors. The study uses a random sample from among the entities in each category. In house investment management structure where part or the entire portfolio of assets is managed by internal teams was found to be in use by 20% of insurance companies. No unit trusts used this approach but one retirement benefits scheme was found to manage part of its assets internally. As a means to comply with regulations, virtually all retirement benefits funds used delegated investment management model. Delegation among pension funds took the form of separately managed accounts (SMA) and guaranteed funds. 80% of Insurance companies delegated investment management through SMAs. This paper recommends the relaxation of compliance based rules on investment management to allow fiduciaries exercise greater control and discretion in the selection of investment management approaches.Item The Leadership Competencies of Prof. Yılmaz Büyükerşen as the Chancellor of Anadolu University(Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 2018-12-20) Basil Oluoch OkothTransformational, charismatic, visionary! These are some of terms that have been popularized as the presc¬ription for successful leadership. A leader does not have to check all the boxes to be considered successful, Prof. Yılmaz did, however. The study interviewed four parti¬cipants who worked under Prof. Yılmaz as the chancel¬lor as Anadolu university to examine their perception of Prof. Yılmaz’s leadership competencies according to Dulewicz and Higgs (2006) framework. The results indicate that Prof. Yılmaz performed highly on all competencies considered and inspired a lasting mark of loyalty and commitment and admiration among his followers and peers. His ability to comprehend the emo¬tions of his followers and his will to communicate to their feelings helped endear him to his staff. Creating a vision and formulating a strategy to reach it, then (backed with the requisite resources) being capable of communicating this vision to an empowered workforce is the total summary of Prof. Yılmaz’s (and indeed any other leader’s) path to leadership success.Item Public Sector Development under the New Constitutional Dispensation in Kenya(Administratio Publico, 2019-12-04) Kinoti, Meru A.; Kinoti, M. W.This article sets out to investigate development-focused public leadership under the new Constitution of Kenya of 2010. The article aims to isolate development-focused public leadership on one hand, and shared national values and principles of good governance, as enshrined in the Constitution of 2010, on the other. The purpose of the article is to examine whether development-focused public leadership promotes national values and principles of good governance, as envisaged in the Constitution of Kenya of2010. The study empirically examines the interplay between these leader-ship foci, the eight factors advancing national values and the principles of good governance, as enshrined in the Constitution of Kenya of 2010.The article presents an overview of public leadership for development in Kenya, along with the research question and hypothesis. Hereafter, research method and data collection methods are presented. Both qualitative and quantitative data sources were deployed for the study. This is followed by the findings and discussion of the empirical studies. In conclusion, the implications of the studies on public leadership for development in Kenya are explored.Item Investment Management Structure Choice Among Insurance Companies in Kenya(International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 2020) Rogers Kinoti M’ariba; Dr. Agnes NjeruThe choice of the investment management structure to adopt is a critical first step in the investment management decision making process. Using a mixed methods approach, this paper explores the influence of investment efficiency and firm size as possible antecedents of this investment decision making among insurance companies in Kenya. Investment management structures were dichotomized into in house management and delegation. The study considered the forty six (46) companies licensed to undertake insurance and reinsurance business in Kenya in 2017. Primary data was collected from the respondents using a self-administered questionnaire while secondary data was collected from regulatory filings and company financial statements. Data processing and analysis was undertaken using a binary logistic regression model in STATA. Results show that in house investment management structure was more prevalent than delegation. Investment efficiency and firm size were found to have a positive influence over firms in favour of delegation. Based on this research it is recommended that insurance companies pay close attention to their investment efficiency needs while taking full cognition of their size as they choose their investment management structures.Item Influence of Procurement Process on the Performance of Public Entities (A Case Study of Nairobi County Government)(Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com), 2020-04-10) Francis Hasborn GatobuGlobally public procurement plays a pivotal role in the provision of goods, works and services in every economy. Enhancement in the performance of the public procurement system is key ingredient for ensuring value for money is achieved in order to safeguard public funds particularly in the implementation of economic pillars such as the “Big Four Agenda” and Vision 2030. This is the case because 60% of Kenyan budget is spent through procurement contracts. This study sought to investigate the influence of user departments on the performance of procurement process in Kenya. Specific objectives of the study included: To examine the role of specification writing on the performance of public entities in Kenya, To investigate the influence of procurement plan on the performance of public entities in Kenya, To assess the effect of tender evaluation on the performance of public entities in Kenya and To determine the influence of receiving procedure on the performance the public entities in Kenya. The study will be guided by the following theories: resource based theory, systems theory, Expectancy theory and institutional Theory. Descriptive research design as well as quantitative research design were adopted using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population was 1000 employees of Nairobi County government. The study adopted stratified random sampling to select the sample size of 100 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and oral interview. Descriptive statistics was employed aided by statistical package for social sciences version 21 to compute the percentages. Inferential statistics using regression and correlation analysis was applied to assist in examining the relationship between variables.Item Investment Governance: Delegation Decision Antecedents by Insurance Companies in Kenya(European Scientific Journal, 2020-05-31) Rogers Kinoti M’Ariba; Oluoch OluochDelegation decisions comprise a key component of investment governance structures of firms. Based on agency theory, this paper explores corporate governance and market dynamics as antecedents of investment management delegation by insurance firms in Kenya. Investment governance structures employed by firms are shaped by their unique circumstances and diverse considerations. The objectives of this research were to establish the influence of corporate governance and market dynamics on the investment governance structures of insurance firms in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive approach with a target population of forty six firms in insurance and reinsurance business in Kenya. Both primary data and secondary data were collected. Data analysis was conducted using STATA relying on a binary logistic regression model. The study found that shareholder control, board diversity and avoidance of agency problems leads firms towards delegating their investment management activities. Desire to access alternative assets, peer influences and asset allocation considerations had a lesser extent of influence on firms towards delegation. The study concludes that large shareholder dictations and lack of investment management expertise in boards causes firms to adopt delegation models in their investment management. On the other hand, easy access to investment markets and constant supply of high yielding government bonds pulls firms towards internal investment management. It is recommended that firms make appropriate choices on extent of delegation by carefully evaluating their needs and developing structures that deliver best outcomes.Item The Moderating Effect of Business Category on Investment Management Structure Choices among Insurance Companies in Kenya(The International Journal of Business & Management, 2020-06-30) M’Ariba R. Kinoti; Dr. Agnes NjeruInsurance business is conducted in two broad categories namely general insurance and life insurance. A firm’s business category is an important consideration in making key decisions. This paper examines the moderating effect of firm business category on investment efficiency, firm size and market influence as antecedents of the choice of the investment management structure to adopt. The study adopts a descriptive approach relying on a binary logistic regression model. The study sample consisted of forty-six (46) companies licensed to undertake insurance and reinsurance business in Kenya in 2017. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Data processing and analysis was undertaken using STATA. The study findings indicate that business category is not a statistically significant factor moderating the influence of the other predictor variables in the investment management structure choices of firms although it had the effect of amplifying or diminishing their importance. It is recommended that insurance companies must be cognizant of their business category effects but need not factor it in their decisions on the investment management structures to adopt.Item A Neutrosophic Approach to Evaluate the Factors Affecting Performance and Theory of Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Application to Textile Industry(Emerald Publishing, 2022-06-27) Basil Oluoch Okoth; Ahmet Aytekin; Selçuk Korucuk; Caglar Karamasa; Erfan Babaee TirkolaeePurpose Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices and policies are necessary for businesses that seek to take part in international markets and ensure any form of competitiveness. Over time, and especially in the recent past, researchers, governments, and other policymakers have made use of broad and systematic approaches and come to appreciate the value-enhancing activities of sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Businesses have embraced the integration of sustainable policies and practices within the supply chain as a critical step in ensuring the efficiency of their operations. It is clear in previous studies and operational programs of enterprises that SSCM practices accord businesses certain benefits including improving their environmental, social, and economic performance, and increasing their ecological awareness by way of influencing performance elements within supply networks in enterprises. The study examines the factors influencing performance and theories of SSCM using a neutrosophic method in the textile industry. Findings SSCM performance is thus of great importance in ensuring business success and competitiveness, realizing customer satisfaction, and leaving the environment in a desirable state for future generations. Performance management, by assisting in the decision-making by managers and ensuring an adequate level of internal interaction, is an integral part of assimilating sustainability management into businesses. SSCM theories also have a strong impact on the determination of the sources of competitive advantage through effective utilization of business capabilities to solve environmental and social challenges that may affect business performance. Originality/value In line with the benefits highlighted, this study seeks to evaluate and select the factors affecting SSCM performance and theory in textile enterprises with corporate identity in Ordu and Giresun provinces following a neutrosophic approach. To this end, the elements obtained from the literature review are evaluated using the MULTIMOORA-mGqNN method.Item Supply Chain Collaboration As A Driver Of Customer Satisfaction Among Manufacturing Firms In Kenya(International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, 2022-12) Francis Hasborn GatobuThe purpose of this study was to carry out an investigation on the role of supply chain collaboration on customer satisfaction among manufacturing firms in Kenya. Studies by previous researchers have indicated that manufacturing firms faces the challenges of uncertainty associated with sourcing for raw materials from oversees and failure to embrace modern technology which adversely affected the ability to satisfy customers. The general objective of the study was to determine the role of supply chain collaboration on customer satisfaction among manufacturing firms in Kenya. Specific objectives was: To establish the role of supply chain collaboration on customer satisfaction among manufacturing firms in Kenta The target population was flour milling firms in Kenya. The study used the simple random sampling technique will be used to select the sample size. There were 800 employees involved directly and indirectly in the supply chain process in this sector. The sample was 30% of the employees and this will result to a sample size of 240 employees. The study used questionnaires to gather data. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data which was presented in the form of frequencies, tables and percentages. The results of the study indicated that supply chain collaboration was instrumental in ensuring responsiveness in the entire supply chain. The study concluded that there is an urgent need for organizations to adopt pro-active approach towards customer satisfaction by adopting practices that provide real-time and accurate response to customer satisfaction. The role played by supply chain collaboration is critical in achieving sustainable customer satisfaction. This study recommends that manufacturing firms should leverage on supply chain best practices particularly supply chain collaboration as a big differentiator in providing customer satisfaction and value by eliminating the barricades between Customers and suppliers. The study also made suggestions for further research to be undertaken on the role of supply chain best practices in service delivery in the public sector.Item Reverse Logistics and Construction Sector Performance(International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, 2022-12) Francis Hasborn GatobuThe concept of reverse logistics in the construction sector is the movement of products and materials from the end user to the manufacturer/recycler or to a new construction site. The objective of this study is to determine the role of reverse logistics on the performance of construction sector, with the aim of promoting this concept among industry stakeholders and the wider construction industry. Through a quantitative analysis, the study was carried out using questionnaire as the main data collection instrument. First, the trend of research and terminology related with reverse logistics is introduced. Second, it unearths the main advantages and barriers of reverse logistics in construction while providing some suggestions to harness the advantages and mitigatethese barriers. Finally, it provides a future research direction based on the review.Item Customer Enablers Influencing Toothpaste Brand Loyalty Among Millennials In Kenyan Private Universities(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2023) Thaisaiyi, Zephania Opati; Gesimba, Paul; Njanja, LilyConsumer behavior is undergoing a gradual shift, moving away from frequent brand switching towards a loyalty-centered approach. While past research has individually investigated customer-enabling factors (customer switching costs, customer involvement, customer commitment, and customer relationship proneness) and their impact on brand loyalty, there exists a research gap on how these factors collectively influence brand loyalty among millennials. There is also scarce studies of African origin exploring CRP influence on loyalty. This study's primary objective was to explore customer enabling factors customers to influence brand loyalty concerning toothpaste among millennials attending private universities in Kenya. Previous research suggests that customer commitment, involvement, switching costs, and CRP influence brand loyalty to varying extents, sometimes displaying negative correlations. Through a descriptive research design, Social Exchange Theory was used to ground the study targeting a sample of 399 millennials enrolled at 19 chartered private universities in Kenya. A self-administered Likert scale questionnaire was distributed through a multi-stage sampling technique and data analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis via Maximum Likelihood method. Results revealed that customer commitment and switching costs influence is statistically significant on brand loyalty. Millennials are more likely to engage with a brand when the consumer-vendor-brand relationship is robust. Brand managers need to boost CRP and use relevant communication to boost commitment and involvement of millennials. They need to leverage switching costs by capitalizing on associated benefits these costs bring to customer to nurturing mutually beneficial long-term relationships. For future research, it was recommended to focus on the Generation Z cohort to investigate the impact of brand loyalty on non-convenience products.Item Rating Pressure Factors Affecting Logistics Systems during the Pandemic and the Ideal Logistic Decision Selection under the Pythagorean Fuzzy Environment(Emerald Publishing, 2023-03-17) Basil Oluoch Okoth; Arunodaya Raj Mishra; Mustafa Ergun; Selçuk Korucuk; Ahmet Aytekin; Caglar KaramasaDue to the current pandemic, the importance of logistics functions and decisions is well understood both at the level of companies and users. Logistics systems and related decisions are of vital importance in making supply chains effective, efficient and without disruption. Logistic pressure factors may emerge at different points along the logistics process, and given the role of logistics decisions as one of the important indicators of competitiveness, the determination of the logistics pressures that are likely to increase the costs of business, and their causative factors are a vital aspect of the logistics decision-making process. The study aims to provide assistance in the selection of the most ideal logistics decision by ranking the pressure factors affecting the logistics system, especially during the pandemic period for logistics enterprises operating in Ordu and Giresun provinces and which have a corporate identity.Item Examining the Critical Success Factors Related to Enterprise Resource Planning: A Case Study in Ordu Province(2023-06-29) Basil Oluoch Okoth; Selcuk Korucuk; Ezgi Demir; Sule Bayazit Bedirhanoglu; Caglar KaramasaEnterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and success factors are systems that enable effective and efficient management of businesses by facilitating coordination and interaction among different units. Therefore, the decision to select the right and applicable ERP implementation and success factors for businesses is a crucial matter. However, due to the cost of ERP implementations and the lengthy adaptation periods for businesses, selecting the relevant systems and success factors requires careful consideration. Identifying ERP implementations and success factors that are suitable for the business processes and structure of the company is a significant decision-making problem, which can be considered as a gap in the literature. In this regard, this study used the Neutrosophic Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to analyze the critical success factors for ERP in production companies that had more than 10 employees. The results show that project management and top management support were the most important factors. The results have significant implications for business managers and stakeholders involved in the subject matter in terms of cost and resource efficiency as well as gaining competitive advantageItem Critical Success Factors of Lean Six Sigma to select the Most Ideal Critical Business Process Using q-ROF CRITIC-ARAS Technique: Case Study of Food Business(Science Direct, 2023-08-15) Basil Oluoch Okoth; Ahmet Aytekin; Selçuk Korucuk; Arunodaya Raj Mishra; Salih Memiş; Caglar Karamasa; Erfan Babaee TirkolaeeThe current market conditions have forced Lean Six Sigma (LSS) upon businesses as one of the must-have practices. The practices have been credited with enhancing the efficiency of the operational and functional processes of enterprises from production to marketing, from personnel management to finance, all the while helping them augment their growth and profitability. LSS has the customer as its main focus and works to create added value for businesses through cost reduction and waste prevention hence can be considered as a process improvement practice. One priority area of improvement in most organizations is the assessment of Critical Business Processes (CBPs) as key processes in the success of businesses that must be tackled in line with the objectives of the businesses due to their extensive impact on customer satisfaction. For this purpose, this study evaluates and ranks the CBPs, and then select the most ideal CBP in food companies with corporate identity in Istanbul following the LSS success factors. Hence, the components attained from the literature are assessed using the suggested “q-ROF CRITIC-ARAS” method which is based on CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC), Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) techniques and q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets (q-ROFSs). The findings demonstrate that the most important criterion for LSS success in food businesses is “Top Management and Support”, while “Education and Culture” is the least important. Furthermore, “Enlightenment Approach” is found to be the most ideal CBP based on LSS success factors.Item Consumer Culture Moderating Effect on Customer Dispositions, Enablers on Toothpaste Brand Loyalty Among Millennials in Kenyan Private Universities.(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2023-10-15) Thaisaiyi, Zephania Opati; Gesimba, Paul; Njanja, LilyMillennials are avid users of technology giving them a platform to transition from local to global buyers via social media use therefore blurring boundary between consumer private life and marketing. While dispositions and consumers capabilities have an influence on brand loyalty few studies have positioned culture as moderator among the millennials. This study examined the moderation effect on the relationship between customer dispositions and enablers influencing brand loyalty among the millennials in the Kenyan private universities. Studies indicate that culture influences brand loyalty but its moderating effect is not known among millennials given their attitudes and capabilities. A descriptive research design using Hofstede Cultural Dimension was adopted to anchor the study. 399 millennials aged 23 to 43 studying at 19 chartered private universities students were targeted using a multi-stage sampling method via a self-administered Likert scale questionnaire. Additionally, Hierarchal Structural Equation Modeling Regression Analysis and Hayes PROCESS used to analyze the data. Results showed that consumer culture does not moderate the relationship between customer dispositions, enablers and toothpaste brand loyalty among millennials. They have a youth culture, avoid have perceived high-quality brands and opt for relevant cheaper one. They revere emotional connected brands which have built high switching costs. Managers should understand youth culture to formulate effective strategies for optimizing the millennials brand loyalty. Future research should explore the influence of culture and social media impact on shaping loyalty tendencies not only among millennials.Item Macroeconomic Dynamics and Profitability of Insurance Firms Listed atNairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing, 2024-04) Dr. Job Omagwa; Milka W. MuteruKenya’s insurance industry has been growing steadily since 2013, with premium revenue and capital investment increasing. However, Return on Assets has declined over the past four years and reached an all-time low in 2022 compared to the previous five years which was partly attributed to the reforms introduced to cater the impact of Corona virus pandemic on and the need to close infrastructure gaps. As a result, as gross domestic product grows, firm deposits and loans rise along with interest income and loan losses. This study focused on understanding how macroeconomic dynamics affect the profitability of insurance companies listed on NSE in Kenya. It particularly looked into how changes in exchange rates, interest rates, and the overall price rise in the economy (inflation) influence these companies' profits. The study was guided by the theoretical frameworks of purchasing power parity, deflation, the balance of payment, the classical theory of interest, and the balance scorecard model. The study adopted an explanatory research design and targeted the six insurance firms listed on the NSE. The secondary data collection for this study involved the utilization of secondary data sheets. Data was obtained from the official audited financial statements of the insurance firms for the fiscal years 2016 through 2022. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential analysis. Inferential analysis incorporated both correlation analysis and panel regression analysis. The study found that key macroeconomic dynamics had significant impact on the profits of insurance companies listed on the NSE, explaining 57.71% of the changes in profits (R-squared = 0.5771). It discovered that while changes in the exchange rate do not significantly affect profits (β = 0.0761, p = 0.5358), higher interest rates lead to higher profits (β = 2.1647, p = 0.0233), and inflation negatively impacts profits (β = -0.3447, p = 0.0011). The study's validity is supported by strong statistical evidence (F-statistic = 21.0100, p-value = 0.0000). It suggests that insurance companies in Kenya should focus on managing risks related to economic changes to improve their financial performance. This research adds to the understanding of how macroeconomic dynamics affect the profitability of insurance firms in the context of the NSE.Item Working Capital Management and Profitability of Tea Processing Firms in Aberdare Ranges Region, Kenya(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2024-04-27) Dr. Job Omagwa; David Njathi WanyoikeThis research determined the effect of working capital management on profitability of tea processing firms in the Aberdare Ranges region of Kenya. The empirical investigation was anchored on the liquidity preference theory, the operational cycle theory, and the theory of profitability-liquidity trade-off. This study adopted a descriptive survey approach and target tea processing factories in the Aberdare ranges region of Kenya under the Kenya Tea Development Authority management. The study adopted purposive sampling to target unit managers, procurement managers, and finance managers as the chosen respondents as they possess the necessary data for the study. A census approach was adopted as the sampling design focusing on all 21 tea processing firms in Aberdare ranges region in the study. The study utilized both primary and secondary data that was collected by use of questionnaires and data collection sheets, respectively. The study considered a five-year span from 2017-2021. Multiple linear regression analysis, correlation analysis, and descriptive analysis were used to analyse data. The results were displayed as graphs, charts, and tables. The study found that cash management had a positive and significant effect on the profitability of tea processing firms in the Aberdares region of Kenya. In addition, inventory management had a significant and positive effect on the profitability of tea processing firms in the Aberdares region. The findings also indicated that debt management had a positive and effect on the profitability of tea processing firms in Aberdares region of Kenya. Further, the study established that credit management had a positive and significant effect on the profitability of the tea processing firms in Aberdares region of Kenya. The study recommends that the management of tea processing firms should make use of cash budgeting, review of target cash balance and preparation of cash flow statements to improve the profitability of their firms. In addition, tea processing firms should make use of effective and efficient order management as a strategy for inventory management so as to improve profitability. By implementing effective order management strategies, businesses can optimize inventory levels, minimize stock outs, and improve customer satisfaction.Item Analyzing the Effect of Liquidity on Financial Stability: Evidence from Kenyan Deposit-Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing, 2024-05) Dr. Job Omagwa; Hesborn Birisi Birisi; Salome MusauNon-performing loans have been on the rise among DT SACCOs in Kenya over the past five years as evidenced by the increase in percentage of NPLs to gross loans in SACCO regulatory authority report of 2020. Consequently, if this trend is allowed to continue then this sector’s contribution to financial intermediation through provision of financial services will be negatively affected. In view of the above this study sought to investigate the effect of firm characteristics and financial stability of deposit taking savings and credit cooperative societies in Kenya. In view of the above this study sought to assess the effect of liquidity on financial stability of deposit taking savings and credit and cooperative societies in Kenya. The study was anchored on agency theory. Positivist research philosophy was adopted in this study. The study adopted explanatory research design. The target population for the study comprised 160 DT SACCOs which were fully operational in the period. A census approach was used for the study. This study utilized quantitative secondary data which was obtained from the society’s financial statements and supervision reports from the savings and credit cooperatives regulatory authority. The study utilized annual panel data for the period of 2017 to 2021. Multicollinearity test, normality tests, autocorrelation test, homoscedasticity, stationarity test and model specification test were carried out prior to panel data analysis. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis and panel regression analysis. STATA software was used for the analysis. The findings showed that liquidity had a strong, positive effect on NPLs ratio (β = 0.410056, p=0.003<0.05). In view of the findings, the study recommends that DT SACCOs with high liquidity levels should consider implementing rigorous lending practices to ensure that loans are extended to creditworthy borrowers. Additionally, effective credit risk assessment and continuous monitoring of borrower repayment behavior are essential to minimize NPLs. DT SACCOs should focus on improving management efficiency by implementing cost-effective operational processes.Item The Link between Capital Adequacy and Financial Stability: Evidence from Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Co-Operative Societiesin Kenya(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing, 2024-05) Dr. Job Omagwa; Hesborn Birisi Birisi; Salome MusauIn Kenya, financial stability of Deposit Taking(DT) Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs)as evident in non-performing loans of DT SACCOS has been an issue of concern over the past few years due to evidence indication fluctuating trends. Consequently, should this continue then this sector’s contribution to financial intermediation through provision of financial services will be negatively affected. Though DT SACCO shave sought to enhance their capital adequacy, its effect on enhancement of financial stability remains an issue for further empirical investigation. In view this, the study sought to investigate the effect of capital adequacy on financial stability of DT SACCOS in Kenya. The study was anchored on agency theory. Positivist research philosophy was adopted in this study. The study adopted explanatory research design. The target population for the study comprised160 DT SACCOs which were fully operational in the period. A census approach was used for the study. This study utilized quantitative secondary data which was obtained from the society’s financial statements and supervision reports from the savings and credit cooperatives regulatory authority. The study utilized annual panel data for the period of 2017 to 2021. Multicollinearity test, normality tests, autocorrelation test, homoscedasticity, stationarity test and model specification test were carried out prior to panel data analysis. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis and panel regression analysis. STATA software was used for the analysis. Ethical standards and regulations were adhered to accordingly. The regression results revealed that capital adequacy had a significant negative effect on NPLs (β=-0.3249614, p-value=0.000<0.05).In view of the findings, the study that regulatory authorities in Kenya should take a proactive response in establishing and enforcing robust capital adequacy standards for DT SACCOs. In addition, higher levels of capital adequacy and improved management efficiency are associated with reduced NPLs ratio among DT SACCOs in Kenya, hence improved financial stability.